5/30/2025
Last update
5/30/2025
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 46 Researches
7.8
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 2 Reviews
8.5
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Soft Gel
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
5
Total Fat
0.5 g
1%**
Cholesterol
<5mg
<2%
Vitamin A (from cod live oil and retinyl palmitate)
27 mcg RAE
3%
Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol) (from cod liver oil and cholecalciferol concentrate)
100 mcg (4,000 IU)
500%
Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol)
0.67 mg
4%
Norwegian Cod Liver Oil
500 mg
†
Total Omega-3 fatty Acids☆
115 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)☆
50 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)☆
42 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
We explored the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with liver cirrhosis—a progressive disease that often manifests alongside vitamin D deficiency. In a carefully designed study, we involved sixty patients who participated in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Each patient received either a weekly dose of 50,000 IU of vitamin D or a placebo over 12 weeks.
Throughout the study, we assessed key health markers before and after supplementation, including liver function tests, lipid profiles, and glycaemic indices such as fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. By the end of the trial, our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in the participants.
Specifically, we observed noteworthy increases in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and reductions in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance indicators. These results suggest that vitamin D might be an important player in improving metabolic health for those suffering from liver cirrhosis.
Throughout the study, we assessed key health markers before and after supplementation, including liver function tests, lipid profiles, and glycaemic indices such as fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. By the end of the trial, our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in the participants.
Specifically, we observed noteworthy increases in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and reductions in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance indicators. These results suggest that vitamin D might be an important player in improving metabolic health for those suffering from liver cirrhosis.
Read More
9
We explored the impact of vitamin D on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by examining both animal and cell models. Our study involved male C57BL/6J mice, which were put on a high-fat diet and then treated with vitamin D for 16 weeks. At the same time, we analyzed liver cells that were exposed to palmitic acid to mimic fatty liver conditions.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D not only helped reduce body weight and improve liver health, but it also played a role in restoring normal metabolic functions. By reducing inflammation and protecting liver cells from damage, vitamin D enhanced insulin sensitivity and affected fat metabolism positively.
Notably, we found that vitamin D helped inhibit a harmful process known as ferroptosis—a type of cell death linked to liver injury. Through various assays, we confirmed that vitamin D treatment boosted the liver's antioxidant capabilities and lessened iron buildup in liver cells. Overall, our research suggests that vitamin D could be a promising therapeutic option for individuals suffering from MAFLD.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D not only helped reduce body weight and improve liver health, but it also played a role in restoring normal metabolic functions. By reducing inflammation and protecting liver cells from damage, vitamin D enhanced insulin sensitivity and affected fat metabolism positively.
Notably, we found that vitamin D helped inhibit a harmful process known as ferroptosis—a type of cell death linked to liver injury. Through various assays, we confirmed that vitamin D treatment boosted the liver's antioxidant capabilities and lessened iron buildup in liver cells. Overall, our research suggests that vitamin D could be a promising therapeutic option for individuals suffering from MAFLD.
Read More
9.5
We designed and synthesized a series of 37 non-steroidal compounds aimed at activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to explore their potential in treating liver fibrosis. This condition involves an unhealthy buildup of fibrous tissue in the liver, often leading to serious complications.
Our research found that more than a third of these novel compounds displayed strong affinity for VDR and showed the ability to activate it. Among these, one compound, E15, stood out as particularly effective. It significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of liver fibrosis, thereby reducing the production of harmful extracellular matrix components.
Encouraged by these promising in vitro results, we proceeded to test E15 in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. The results were remarkable; E15 not only decreased fibrosis and collagen deposition, but also improved liver function without the negative side effect of hypercalcemia, which is often associated with traditional VDR agonists.
These findings suggest that E15 could be a powerful and safer alternative for addressing liver fibrosis, highlighting the significant therapeutic potential of targeting the vitamin D receptor in liver diseases.
Our research found that more than a third of these novel compounds displayed strong affinity for VDR and showed the ability to activate it. Among these, one compound, E15, stood out as particularly effective. It significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of liver fibrosis, thereby reducing the production of harmful extracellular matrix components.
Encouraged by these promising in vitro results, we proceeded to test E15 in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. The results were remarkable; E15 not only decreased fibrosis and collagen deposition, but also improved liver function without the negative side effect of hypercalcemia, which is often associated with traditional VDR agonists.
These findings suggest that E15 could be a powerful and safer alternative for addressing liver fibrosis, highlighting the significant therapeutic potential of targeting the vitamin D receptor in liver diseases.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improved strength
9 people found this helpful
Excellent. My wife has advanced liver disease, but the products I ordered from iherb.com, recommended by Dr Antti Heikkilä, have greatly improved her condition and strength. She now believes she may have more time to live. In November 2010, her oncologist predicted she had just two months left. Thanks to Dr Heikkilä's advice, we have found hope and support through these products. Thank you, iherb.com, and a heartfelt thanks to Dr Heikkilä for extending her time with us.
Read More
6
Joint pain relief
I liked it. I take one capsule daily, which lasts a year. It contains vitamins A, D3, and cod liver oil, beneficial for my joints. My bone pain has significantly lessened due to my profession's demands. I highly recommend this; you won’t regret it.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 46 Researches
7.8
- All Researches
9.5
We designed and synthesized a series of 37 non-steroidal compounds aimed at activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to explore their potential in treating liver fibrosis. This condition involves an unhealthy buildup of fibrous tissue in the liver, often leading to serious complications.
Our research found that more than a third of these novel compounds displayed strong affinity for VDR and showed the ability to activate it. Among these, one compound, E15, stood out as particularly effective. It significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of liver fibrosis, thereby reducing the production of harmful extracellular matrix components.
Encouraged by these promising in vitro results, we proceeded to test E15 in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. The results were remarkable; E15 not only decreased fibrosis and collagen deposition, but also improved liver function without the negative side effect of hypercalcemia, which is often associated with traditional VDR agonists.
These findings suggest that E15 could be a powerful and safer alternative for addressing liver fibrosis, highlighting the significant therapeutic potential of targeting the vitamin D receptor in liver diseases.
Our research found that more than a third of these novel compounds displayed strong affinity for VDR and showed the ability to activate it. Among these, one compound, E15, stood out as particularly effective. It significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of liver fibrosis, thereby reducing the production of harmful extracellular matrix components.
Encouraged by these promising in vitro results, we proceeded to test E15 in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. The results were remarkable; E15 not only decreased fibrosis and collagen deposition, but also improved liver function without the negative side effect of hypercalcemia, which is often associated with traditional VDR agonists.
These findings suggest that E15 could be a powerful and safer alternative for addressing liver fibrosis, highlighting the significant therapeutic potential of targeting the vitamin D receptor in liver diseases.
Read More
9
We set out to understand how vitamin D might influence liver disease, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) related to obesity. For our research, we used a high-fat diet to create a mouse model that mimics the condition. We then supplemented these mice with vitamin D via injections over several weeks to see if it could alleviate the liver issues associated with their diet.
Our findings revealed that a high-fat diet led to vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, and a notable increase in liver weight. This also resulted in elevated liver enzymes and triglyceride levels, contributing to steatohepatitis, a concerning liver condition. When we introduced vitamin D supplementation, we observed a significant recovery in liver weight and overall improvement in liver health. The treatment also lowered harmful enzymes and triglycerides while helping control markers related to inflammation and fibrosis.
This study highlights that vitamin D supplementation can positively impact liver health in cases linked to obesity, offering an accessible and potentially effective strategy for addressing NAFLD. Notably, we found no adverse effects from the vitamin D treatment, suggesting it could be a safe option for individuals at risk.
Our findings revealed that a high-fat diet led to vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, and a notable increase in liver weight. This also resulted in elevated liver enzymes and triglyceride levels, contributing to steatohepatitis, a concerning liver condition. When we introduced vitamin D supplementation, we observed a significant recovery in liver weight and overall improvement in liver health. The treatment also lowered harmful enzymes and triglycerides while helping control markers related to inflammation and fibrosis.
This study highlights that vitamin D supplementation can positively impact liver health in cases linked to obesity, offering an accessible and potentially effective strategy for addressing NAFLD. Notably, we found no adverse effects from the vitamin D treatment, suggesting it could be a safe option for individuals at risk.
Read More
We explored the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with liver cirrhosis—a progressive disease that often manifests alongside vitamin D deficiency. In a carefully designed study, we involved sixty patients who participated in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Each patient received either a weekly dose of 50,000 IU of vitamin D or a placebo over 12 weeks.
Throughout the study, we assessed key health markers before and after supplementation, including liver function tests, lipid profiles, and glycaemic indices such as fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. By the end of the trial, our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in the participants.
Specifically, we observed noteworthy increases in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and reductions in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance indicators. These results suggest that vitamin D might be an important player in improving metabolic health for those suffering from liver cirrhosis.
Throughout the study, we assessed key health markers before and after supplementation, including liver function tests, lipid profiles, and glycaemic indices such as fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. By the end of the trial, our findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in the participants.
Specifically, we observed noteworthy increases in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and reductions in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance indicators. These results suggest that vitamin D might be an important player in improving metabolic health for those suffering from liver cirrhosis.
Read More
9
We explored the relationship between vitamin D and bile duct health, particularly focusing on biliary atresia (BA), a condition that leads to bile duct obstruction in children. Our research centered on vitamin D's receptor (VDR) and its role in protecting bile duct epithelial cells from damage caused by viruses, specifically double-stranded RNA viruses.
Through a combination of laboratory and animal studies, we assessed the expression of VDR in bile duct cells from pediatric patients, noting its connection to cholangitis rates after treatment. We discovered that activating VDR with vitamin D3 significantly reduced cell damage and apoptosis, which is the process of programmed cell death that can worsen BA.
We found that vitamin D3 helped mitigate viral-induced inflammation and cell death through specific cellular pathways, including one called the PLA2/PKC/ERK pathway. This suggests that vitamin D could be a valuable therapeutic option in managing liver diseases like BA, potentially offering new avenues for treatment and patient care.
Through a combination of laboratory and animal studies, we assessed the expression of VDR in bile duct cells from pediatric patients, noting its connection to cholangitis rates after treatment. We discovered that activating VDR with vitamin D3 significantly reduced cell damage and apoptosis, which is the process of programmed cell death that can worsen BA.
We found that vitamin D3 helped mitigate viral-induced inflammation and cell death through specific cellular pathways, including one called the PLA2/PKC/ERK pathway. This suggests that vitamin D could be a valuable therapeutic option in managing liver diseases like BA, potentially offering new avenues for treatment and patient care.
Read More
9
We explored the impact of vitamin D on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by examining both animal and cell models. Our study involved male C57BL/6J mice, which were put on a high-fat diet and then treated with vitamin D for 16 weeks. At the same time, we analyzed liver cells that were exposed to palmitic acid to mimic fatty liver conditions.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D not only helped reduce body weight and improve liver health, but it also played a role in restoring normal metabolic functions. By reducing inflammation and protecting liver cells from damage, vitamin D enhanced insulin sensitivity and affected fat metabolism positively.
Notably, we found that vitamin D helped inhibit a harmful process known as ferroptosis—a type of cell death linked to liver injury. Through various assays, we confirmed that vitamin D treatment boosted the liver's antioxidant capabilities and lessened iron buildup in liver cells. Overall, our research suggests that vitamin D could be a promising therapeutic option for individuals suffering from MAFLD.
Our findings revealed that vitamin D not only helped reduce body weight and improve liver health, but it also played a role in restoring normal metabolic functions. By reducing inflammation and protecting liver cells from damage, vitamin D enhanced insulin sensitivity and affected fat metabolism positively.
Notably, we found that vitamin D helped inhibit a harmful process known as ferroptosis—a type of cell death linked to liver injury. Through various assays, we confirmed that vitamin D treatment boosted the liver's antioxidant capabilities and lessened iron buildup in liver cells. Overall, our research suggests that vitamin D could be a promising therapeutic option for individuals suffering from MAFLD.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 2 Reviews
8.5
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Improved strength
9 people found this helpful
Excellent. My wife has advanced liver disease, but the products I ordered from iherb.com, recommended by Dr Antti Heikkilä, have greatly improved her condition and strength. She now believes she may have more time to live. In November 2010, her oncologist predicted she had just two months left. Thanks to Dr Heikkilä's advice, we have found hope and support through these products. Thank you, iherb.com, and a heartfelt thanks to Dr Heikkilä for extending her time with us.
Read More
6
Joint pain relief
I liked it. I take one capsule daily, which lasts a year. It contains vitamins A, D3, and cod liver oil, beneficial for my joints. My bone pain has significantly lessened due to my profession's demands. I highly recommend this; you won’t regret it.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
No FAQs are available for this product and symptom.
References
- Chung SI, Liang L, Han H, Park KH, Lee JH, et al. Vitamin D Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Murine Model. Yonsei Med J. 2025;66:75. 10.3349/ymj.2024.0038
- Derogar Kasmaei SR, Parastouei K, Hosseini Ahangar B, Saberifiroozi M, Taghdir M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycaemic indices, lipid profile and liver function tests in patients with cirrhosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2024;7:e000938. 10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000938
- Liu N, Zhao P, Cao P, Hui J, Pan Y, et al. Vitamin D3/VDR alleviates double-stranded RNA virus -induced biliary epithelial cell damage by inhibiting autophagy. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25:44. 10.1186/s12876-025-03640-5
- Zou C, Liu X, He M, Sun Y, Sang Y, et al. Insulin Resistance Mediates the Association Between Vitamin D and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Prev Med. 2024;15:77. 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_221_23
- Diaz-Ruiz R, Poca M, Roman E, Panadero-Gomez R, Cuyàs B, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with Inflammation Amelioration and Cognitive Improvement in Decompensated Patients with Cirrhosis. Nutrients. 2025;17. 10.3390/nu17020226
- Wang Y, Jin J, Chen S, Shen Y. Modulation of magnesium intake on the association between vitamin D deficiency and severe hepatic steatosis in overweight and obese individuals. Magnes Res. 2024;37:58. 10.1684/mrh.2024.0536
- Jiang R, Lu M, Hua Y, Hong Z. Association between serum vitamin D and depression among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2025;34:112. 10.6133/apjcn.202502_34(1).0011
- Gao F, Guan C, Cheng N, Liu Y, Wu Y, et al. Design, synthesis, and anti-liver fibrosis activity of novel non-steroidal vitamin D receptor agonists based on open-ring steroid scaffold. Eur J Med Chem. 2025;286:117250. 10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117250
- Biswas SA, Rukunuzzaman M, Biswas RK, Rahman SMH, Alam MS. Serum Vitamin D Status in Infants with Cholestatic Jaundice. Mymensingh Med J. 2025;34:192.
- Munoli AS, Mantur PG, Jalawadi VM. Child-Pugh Score and Vitamin D: Exploring a New Frontier in Liver Cirrhosis Assessment. Cureus. 2024;16:e74738. 10.7759/cureus.74738
- Liang Y, Jiang X, Zhao X, Tang T, Fan X, et al. Vitamin D alleviates HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting DNMT1 to affect the TGFβ1/Smad3 pathway. iScience. 2024;27:111262. 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111262
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- Huang N, Su X, Yu T, Wu X, Lu B, et al. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level is associated with elastography-detected liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1420088. 10.3389/fendo.2024.1420088
- Johnson CD, Stevens CM, Bennett MR, Litch AB, Rodrigue EM, et al. The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Outcomes, and Therapeutic Potential. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16234007
- Morsy MA, Abdel-Latif R, Ibrahim MF, Marey H, Abdel-Gaber SA. Calcitriol ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepatorenal toxicity via regulation of Nrf2-Mrp2/p38 MAPK signaling in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2024;38:3946320241306276. 10.1177/03946320241306276
- Luo WJ, Dong XW, Ye H, Zhao QS, Zhang QB, et al. Vitamin D 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D reduces lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2024;16:4685. 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4685
- Sherif IO, Al-Gayyar MM. Cod liver oil in sodium nitrite induced hepatic injury: does it have a potential protective effect?. Redox Rep. 2015;20:11. 10.1179/1351000214Y.0000000097
- Salama MF, Abbas A, Darweish MM, El-Hawwary AA, Al-Gayyar MM. Hepatoprotective effects of cod liver oil against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats. Pharm Biol. 2013;51:1435. 10.3109/13880209.2013.796564
- Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Li Z, Huang F, Mo K, et al. DTX2 attenuates Lenvatinib-induced ferroptosis by suppressing docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis through HSD17B4-dependent peroxisomal β-oxidation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Resist Updat. 2025;81:101224. 10.1016/j.drup.2025.101224
- Zhang D, Wang Z, Wang X, Yue W, Zhang L, et al. Cosupplementation with DHA and medium-chain triglycerides ameliorates NAFLD and reduces amyloid-β accumulation by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism in APP/PS1 mice. Lipids. 2025. 10.1002/lipd.12436
- Wang X, Ishimatsu K, Li J, Wen X, Ou W, et al. APT imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma signals an effective therapeutic response in advance of tumor shrinkage. Hepat Oncol. 2024;11:2389031. 10.1080/20450923.2024.2389031
- Li J, Guo J, Yuen M, Yuen H, Peng Q. The comparative effects of ω-7 fatty acid-rich sea buckthorn oil and ω-3 fatty acid-rich DHA algal oil on improving high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Food Funct. 2025;16:1241. 10.1039/d4fo04961f
- Joerg R, Itariu BK, Amor M, Bilban M, Langer F, et al. The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on liver transcriptome in human obesity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2024;204:102663. 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102663
- Choi JH, Park SE, Kim S. Antarctic Krill Oil Supplementation Attenuates Hypercholesterolemia, Fatty Liver, and Oxidative Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16213614
- Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhao R, Lu Y, Jiang S, et al. Efficacy of DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine and its underlying mechanism in alleviating polystyrene nanoplastics-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;142:113154. 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113154
- Yang J, Félix-Soriano E, Martínez-Gayo A, Ibañez-Santos J, Sáinz N, et al. SIRT1 and FOXO1 role on MASLD risk: effects of DHA-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation and exercise in aged obese female mice and in post-menopausal overweight/obese women. J Physiol Biochem. 2024;80:697. 10.1007/s13105-024-01044-9
- Perva IT, Simina IE, Bende R, Motofelea AC, Chirita Emandi A, et al. Use of a Micronutrient Cocktail to Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Clinical Trial. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60. 10.3390/medicina60081366
- Zhang H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Dong J, Jiang S, et al. DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury via regulating the gut-liver axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;140:112895. 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112895
- Guo C, Liu Z, Fan H, Wang H, Zhang X, et al. Nonlinear relationships of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids with the complications of liver cirrhosis: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Clin Nutr. 2024;43:2083. 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.027
- Sabinari I, Horakova O, Cajka T, Kleinova V, Wieckowski MR, et al. Influence of Lipid Class Used for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Liver Fat Accumulation in MASLD. Physiol Res. 2024;73:S295.
- Alkhouri N, McCarthy D, Bayne AV, Blonquist T, Yurko-Mauro K, et al. The effect of vitamin E and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)-A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial (PUVENAFLD). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024;60:552. 10.1111/apt.18149
- Palmina N, Kononikhin A, Chagovets V, Tokareva A, Antipova A, et al. Dietary liposomal complexes change the fatty acid composition of hepatic bioactive phospholipids in F1(C57blxDBA2\6) mice, as shown by a lipidomic approach. Biomater Sci. 2024;12:3956. 10.1039/d4bm00431k
- Sotoudeheian M, Azarbad R, Mirahmadi SM. Investigating the correlation between polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024;63:46. 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.016
- Li X, Liu C, Zhang R, Li Y, Ye D, et al. Biosynthetic deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ferroptosis-mediated hepatocyte injury. J Biol Chem. 2024;300:107405. 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107405
- Uthaiah NM, Venkataramareddy SR, Mudhol S, Sheikh AY. EPA-rich Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass regulates gut microbiota, alleviates inflammation and ameliorates liver fibrosis in rats. Food Res Int. 2025;202:115733. 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115733
- MacLeod B, Wang C, Brown LH, Borkowski E, Nakamura MT, et al. Fads2 knockout mice reveal that ALA prevention of hepatic steatosis is dependent on delta-6 desaturase activity. J Lipid Res. 2024;65:100642. 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100642
- Sumida W, Tainaka T, Shirota C, Makita S, Amano H, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid administration ameliorates the progression of liver fibrosis after laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024;40:239. 10.1007/s00383-024-05800-2
- Huang C, Yong Q, Lu Y, Wang L, Zheng Y, et al. Gentiopicroside improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by activating PPARα and suppressing HIF1. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1335814. 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335814
- Wang Y, Hou J, Li X, Chen P, Chen F, et al. Tyrosol regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice. Food Funct. 2024;15:3752. 10.1039/d3fo05345h
- Iizasa S, Nagao K, Tsuge K, Nagano Y, Yanagita T. Identification of genes regulated by lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) involved in the improvement of hepatic steatosis: Insights from RNA-Seq analysis in obese db/db mice. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0295591. 10.1371/journal.pone.0295591
- Hull MA, Ow PL, Ruddock S, Brend T, Smith AF, et al. Randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on colorectal cancer recurrence and survival after surgery for resectable liver metastases: EPA for Metastasis Trial 2 (EMT2) study protocol. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e077427. 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077427
- Videla LA, Valenzuela R, Del Campo A, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 Lipid Mediators: Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Its Protective Role in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24. 10.3390/ijms242115528
- Chen YF, Fan ZK, Gao X, Zhou F, Guo XF, et al. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid or triacylglycerol form attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mediating cannabinoid receptor 1/adiponectin/ceramide pathway. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;123:109484. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109484
- Liu W, Zhu M, Gong M, Zheng W, Zeng X, et al. Comparison of the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Lipid Disorders in Obese Mice. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15143200
- Rohwer N, Jelleschitz J, Höhn A, Weber D, Kühl AA, et al. Prevention of colitis-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation in a transgenic mouse model with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Redox Biol. 2023;64:102803. 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102803
- Roque-Jiménez JA, Oviedo-Ojeda MF, Whalin M, Lee-Rangel HA, Relling AE. Ewe early gestation supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids affects the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue fatty acid profile and liver mRNA expression in the offspring. J Anim Sci. 2023;101. 10.1093/jas/skad144
